Examples: Win32+DirectX: moved helper functions below main.

examples/example_win32_directx10/main.cpp

@@ -15,100 +15,32 @@ static ID3D10Device*            g_pd3dDevice = NULL;
 static IDXGISwapChain*          g_pSwapChain = NULL;
 static ID3D10RenderTargetView*  g_mainRenderTargetView = NULL;
 
-void CreateRenderTarget()
+// Forward declarations of helper functions
-{
+bool CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd);
-    ID3D10Texture2D* pBackBuffer;
+void CleanupDeviceD3D();
-    g_pSwapChain->GetBuffer(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pBackBuffer));
+void CreateRenderTarget();
-    g_pd3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(pBackBuffer, NULL, &g_mainRenderTargetView);
+void CleanupRenderTarget();
-    pBackBuffer->Release();
+LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
-}
+
-
+// Main code
-void CleanupRenderTarget()
-{
-    if (g_mainRenderTargetView) { g_mainRenderTargetView->Release(); g_mainRenderTargetView = NULL; }
-}
-
-HRESULT CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd)
-{
-    // Setup swap chain
-    DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;
-    ZeroMemory(&sd, sizeof(sd));
-    sd.BufferCount = 2;
-    sd.BufferDesc.Width = 0;
-    sd.BufferDesc.Height = 0;
-    sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
-    sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
-    sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
-    sd.Flags = DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_ALLOW_MODE_SWITCH;
-    sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
-    sd.OutputWindow = hWnd;
-    sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
-    sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
-    sd.Windowed = TRUE;
-    sd.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
-
-    UINT createDeviceFlags = 0;
-    //createDeviceFlags |= D3D10_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
-    if (D3D10CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, createDeviceFlags, D3D10_SDK_VERSION, &sd, &g_pSwapChain, &g_pd3dDevice) != S_OK)
-        return E_FAIL;
-
-    CreateRenderTarget();
-
-    return S_OK;
-}
-
-void CleanupDeviceD3D()
-{
-    CleanupRenderTarget();
-    if (g_pSwapChain) { g_pSwapChain->Release(); g_pSwapChain = NULL; }
-    if (g_pd3dDevice) { g_pd3dDevice->Release(); g_pd3dDevice = NULL; }
-}
-
-extern LRESULT ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
-LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
-{
-    if (ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam))
-        return true;
-
-    switch (msg)
-    {
-    case WM_SIZE:
-        if (g_pd3dDevice != NULL && wParam != SIZE_MINIMIZED)
-        {
-            CleanupRenderTarget();
-            g_pSwapChain->ResizeBuffers(0, (UINT)LOWORD(lParam), (UINT)HIWORD(lParam), DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, 0);
-            CreateRenderTarget();
-        }
-        return 0;
-    case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
-        if ((wParam & 0xfff0) == SC_KEYMENU) // Disable ALT application menu
-            return 0;
-        break;
-    case WM_DESTROY:
-        PostQuitMessage(0);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
-}
-
 int main(int, char**)
 {
     // Create application window
     WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, WndProc, 0L, 0L, GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, _T("ImGui Example"), NULL };
-    RegisterClassEx(&wc);
+    ::RegisterClassEx(&wc);
-    HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(wc.lpszClassName, _T("Dear ImGui DirectX10 Example"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 1280, 800, NULL, NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL);
+    HWND hwnd = ::CreateWindow(wc.lpszClassName, _T("Dear ImGui DirectX10 Example"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 1280, 800, NULL, NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL);
 
     // Initialize Direct3D
-    if (CreateDeviceD3D(hwnd) < 0)
+    if (!CreateDeviceD3D(hwnd))
     {
         CleanupDeviceD3D();
-        UnregisterClass(wc.lpszClassName, wc.hInstance);
+        ::UnregisterClass(wc.lpszClassName, wc.hInstance);
         return 1;
     }
 
     // Show the window
-    ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
+    ::ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
-    UpdateWindow(hwnd);
+    ::UpdateWindow(hwnd);
 
     // Setup Dear ImGui context
     IMGUI_CHECKVERSION();
@@ -139,6 +71,7 @@ int main(int, char**)
     //ImFont* font = io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF("c:\\Windows\\Fonts\\ArialUni.ttf", 18.0f, NULL, io.Fonts->GetGlyphRangesJapanese());
     //IM_ASSERT(font != NULL);
 
+    // Our state
     bool show_demo_window = true;
     bool show_another_window = false;
     ImVec4 clear_color = ImVec4(0.45f, 0.55f, 0.60f, 1.00f);
@@ -153,10 +86,10 @@ int main(int, char**)
         // - When io.WantCaptureMouse is true, do not dispatch mouse input data to your main application.
         // - When io.WantCaptureKeyboard is true, do not dispatch keyboard input data to your main application.
         // Generally you may always pass all inputs to dear imgui, and hide them from your application based on those two flags.
-        if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE))
+        if (::PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE))
         {
-            TranslateMessage(&msg);
+            ::TranslateMessage(&msg);
-            DispatchMessage(&msg);
+            ::DispatchMessage(&msg);
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -217,8 +150,86 @@ int main(int, char**)
     ImGui::DestroyContext();
 
     CleanupDeviceD3D();
-    DestroyWindow(hwnd);
+    ::DestroyWindow(hwnd);
-    UnregisterClass(wc.lpszClassName, wc.hInstance);
+    ::UnregisterClass(wc.lpszClassName, wc.hInstance);
 
     return 0;
 }
+
+// Helper functions
+
+bool CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd)
+{
+    // Setup swap chain
+    DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;
+    ZeroMemory(&sd, sizeof(sd));
+    sd.BufferCount = 2;
+    sd.BufferDesc.Width = 0;
+    sd.BufferDesc.Height = 0;
+    sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+    sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
+    sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
+    sd.Flags = DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_ALLOW_MODE_SWITCH;
+    sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
+    sd.OutputWindow = hWnd;
+    sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
+    sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
+    sd.Windowed = TRUE;
+    sd.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
+
+    UINT createDeviceFlags = 0;
+    //createDeviceFlags |= D3D10_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
+    if (D3D10CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, createDeviceFlags, D3D10_SDK_VERSION, &sd, &g_pSwapChain, &g_pd3dDevice) != S_OK)
+        return false;
+
+    CreateRenderTarget();
+    return true;
+}
+
+void CleanupDeviceD3D()
+{
+    CleanupRenderTarget();
+    if (g_pSwapChain) { g_pSwapChain->Release(); g_pSwapChain = NULL; }
+    if (g_pd3dDevice) { g_pd3dDevice->Release(); g_pd3dDevice = NULL; }
+}
+
+void CreateRenderTarget()
+{
+    ID3D10Texture2D* pBackBuffer;
+    g_pSwapChain->GetBuffer(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pBackBuffer));
+    g_pd3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(pBackBuffer, NULL, &g_mainRenderTargetView);
+    pBackBuffer->Release();
+}
+
+void CleanupRenderTarget()
+{
+    if (g_mainRenderTargetView) { g_mainRenderTargetView->Release(); g_mainRenderTargetView = NULL; }
+}
+
+// Win32 message handler
+extern LRESULT ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
+LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
+{
+    if (ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam))
+        return true;
+
+    switch (msg)
+    {
+    case WM_SIZE:
+        if (g_pd3dDevice != NULL && wParam != SIZE_MINIMIZED)
+        {
+            CleanupRenderTarget();
+            g_pSwapChain->ResizeBuffers(0, (UINT)LOWORD(lParam), (UINT)HIWORD(lParam), DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, 0);
+            CreateRenderTarget();
+        }
+        return 0;
+    case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
+        if ((wParam & 0xfff0) == SC_KEYMENU) // Disable ALT application menu
+            return 0;
+        break;
+    case WM_DESTROY:
+        ::PostQuitMessage(0);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return ::DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
+}

examples/example_win32_directx11/main.cpp

@@ -15,103 +15,32 @@ static ID3D11DeviceContext*     g_pd3dDeviceContext = NULL;
 static IDXGISwapChain*          g_pSwapChain = NULL;
 static ID3D11RenderTargetView*  g_mainRenderTargetView = NULL;
 
-void CreateRenderTarget()
+// Forward declarations of helper functions
-{
+bool CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd);
-    ID3D11Texture2D* pBackBuffer;
+void CleanupDeviceD3D();
-    g_pSwapChain->GetBuffer(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pBackBuffer));
+void CreateRenderTarget();
-    g_pd3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(pBackBuffer, NULL, &g_mainRenderTargetView);
+void CleanupRenderTarget();
-    pBackBuffer->Release();
+LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
-}
+
-
+// Main code
-void CleanupRenderTarget()
-{
-    if (g_mainRenderTargetView) { g_mainRenderTargetView->Release(); g_mainRenderTargetView = NULL; }
-}
-
-HRESULT CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd)
-{
-    // Setup swap chain
-    DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;
-    ZeroMemory(&sd, sizeof(sd));
-    sd.BufferCount = 2;
-    sd.BufferDesc.Width = 0;
-    sd.BufferDesc.Height = 0;
-    sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
-    sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
-    sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
-    sd.Flags = DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_ALLOW_MODE_SWITCH;
-    sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
-    sd.OutputWindow = hWnd;
-    sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
-    sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
-    sd.Windowed = TRUE;
-    sd.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
-
-    UINT createDeviceFlags = 0;
-    //createDeviceFlags |= D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
-    D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevel;
-    const D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevelArray[2] = { D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0, D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0, };
-    if (D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, createDeviceFlags, featureLevelArray, 2, D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &sd, &g_pSwapChain, &g_pd3dDevice, &featureLevel, &g_pd3dDeviceContext) != S_OK)
-        return E_FAIL;
-
-    CreateRenderTarget();
-
-    return S_OK;
-}
-
-void CleanupDeviceD3D()
-{
-    CleanupRenderTarget();
-    if (g_pSwapChain) { g_pSwapChain->Release(); g_pSwapChain = NULL; }
-    if (g_pd3dDeviceContext) { g_pd3dDeviceContext->Release(); g_pd3dDeviceContext = NULL; }
-    if (g_pd3dDevice) { g_pd3dDevice->Release(); g_pd3dDevice = NULL; }
-}
-
-extern LRESULT ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
-LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
-{
-    if (ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam))
-        return true;
-
-    switch (msg)
-    {
-    case WM_SIZE:
-        if (g_pd3dDevice != NULL && wParam != SIZE_MINIMIZED)
-        {
-            CleanupRenderTarget();
-            g_pSwapChain->ResizeBuffers(0, (UINT)LOWORD(lParam), (UINT)HIWORD(lParam), DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, 0);
-            CreateRenderTarget();
-        }
-        return 0;
-    case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
-        if ((wParam & 0xfff0) == SC_KEYMENU) // Disable ALT application menu
-            return 0;
-        break;
-    case WM_DESTROY:
-        PostQuitMessage(0);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
-}
-
 int main(int, char**)
 {
     // Create application window
     WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, WndProc, 0L, 0L, GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, _T("ImGui Example"), NULL };
-    RegisterClassEx(&wc);
+    ::RegisterClassEx(&wc);
-    HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(wc.lpszClassName, _T("Dear ImGui DirectX11 Example"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 1280, 800, NULL, NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL);
+    HWND hwnd = ::CreateWindow(wc.lpszClassName, _T("Dear ImGui DirectX11 Example"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 1280, 800, NULL, NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL);
 
     // Initialize Direct3D
-    if (CreateDeviceD3D(hwnd) < 0)
+    if (!CreateDeviceD3D(hwnd))
     {
         CleanupDeviceD3D();
-        UnregisterClass(wc.lpszClassName, wc.hInstance);
+        ::UnregisterClass(wc.lpszClassName, wc.hInstance);
         return 1;
     }
 
     // Show the window
-    ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
+    ::ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
-    UpdateWindow(hwnd);
+    ::UpdateWindow(hwnd);
 
     // Setup Dear ImGui context
     IMGUI_CHECKVERSION();
@@ -157,10 +86,10 @@ int main(int, char**)
         // - When io.WantCaptureMouse is true, do not dispatch mouse input data to your main application.
         // - When io.WantCaptureKeyboard is true, do not dispatch keyboard input data to your main application.
         // Generally you may always pass all inputs to dear imgui, and hide them from your application based on those two flags.
-        if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE))
+        if (::PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE))
         {
-            TranslateMessage(&msg);
+            ::TranslateMessage(&msg);
-            DispatchMessage(&msg);
+            ::DispatchMessage(&msg);
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -221,8 +150,89 @@ int main(int, char**)
     ImGui::DestroyContext();
 
     CleanupDeviceD3D();
-    DestroyWindow(hwnd);
+    ::DestroyWindow(hwnd);
-    UnregisterClass(wc.lpszClassName, wc.hInstance);
+    ::UnregisterClass(wc.lpszClassName, wc.hInstance);
 
     return 0;
 }
+
+// Helper functions
+
+bool CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd)
+{
+    // Setup swap chain
+    DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;
+    ZeroMemory(&sd, sizeof(sd));
+    sd.BufferCount = 2;
+    sd.BufferDesc.Width = 0;
+    sd.BufferDesc.Height = 0;
+    sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+    sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
+    sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
+    sd.Flags = DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_ALLOW_MODE_SWITCH;
+    sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
+    sd.OutputWindow = hWnd;
+    sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
+    sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
+    sd.Windowed = TRUE;
+    sd.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
+
+    UINT createDeviceFlags = 0;
+    //createDeviceFlags |= D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
+    D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevel;
+    const D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevelArray[2] = { D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0, D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0, };
+    if (D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, createDeviceFlags, featureLevelArray, 2, D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &sd, &g_pSwapChain, &g_pd3dDevice, &featureLevel, &g_pd3dDeviceContext) != S_OK)
+        return false;
+
+    CreateRenderTarget();
+    return true;
+}
+
+void CleanupDeviceD3D()
+{
+    CleanupRenderTarget();
+    if (g_pSwapChain) { g_pSwapChain->Release(); g_pSwapChain = NULL; }
+    if (g_pd3dDeviceContext) { g_pd3dDeviceContext->Release(); g_pd3dDeviceContext = NULL; }
+    if (g_pd3dDevice) { g_pd3dDevice->Release(); g_pd3dDevice = NULL; }
+}
+
+void CreateRenderTarget()
+{
+    ID3D11Texture2D* pBackBuffer;
+    g_pSwapChain->GetBuffer(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pBackBuffer));
+    g_pd3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(pBackBuffer, NULL, &g_mainRenderTargetView);
+    pBackBuffer->Release();
+}
+
+void CleanupRenderTarget()
+{
+    if (g_mainRenderTargetView) { g_mainRenderTargetView->Release(); g_mainRenderTargetView = NULL; }
+}
+
+// Win32 message handler
+extern LRESULT ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
+LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
+{
+    if (ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam))
+        return true;
+
+    switch (msg)
+    {
+    case WM_SIZE:
+        if (g_pd3dDevice != NULL && wParam != SIZE_MINIMIZED)
+        {
+            CleanupRenderTarget();
+            g_pSwapChain->ResizeBuffers(0, (UINT)LOWORD(lParam), (UINT)HIWORD(lParam), DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, 0);
+            CreateRenderTarget();
+        }
+        return 0;
+    case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
+        if ((wParam & 0xfff0) == SC_KEYMENU) // Disable ALT application menu
+            return 0;
+        break;
+    case WM_DESTROY:
+        ::PostQuitMessage(0);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return ::DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
+}

examples/example_win32_directx12/main.cpp

@@ -36,90 +36,183 @@ static HANDLE                       g_hSwapChainWaitableObject = NULL;
 static ID3D12Resource*              g_mainRenderTargetResource[NUM_BACK_BUFFERS] = {};
 static D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE  g_mainRenderTargetDescriptor[NUM_BACK_BUFFERS] = {};
 
-void CreateRenderTarget()
+// Forward declarations of helper functions
+bool CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd);
+void CleanupDeviceD3D();
+void CreateRenderTarget();
+void CleanupRenderTarget();
+void WaitForLastSubmittedFrame();
+FrameContext*   WaitForNextFrameResources();
+void ResizeSwapChain(HWND hWnd, int width, int height);
+LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
+
+// Main code
+int main(int, char**)
 {
-    ID3D12Resource* pBackBuffer;
+    // Create application window
-    for (UINT i = 0; i < NUM_BACK_BUFFERS; i++)
+    WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, WndProc, 0L, 0L, GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, _T("ImGui Example"), NULL };
+    ::RegisterClassEx(&wc);
+    HWND hwnd = ::CreateWindow(wc.lpszClassName, _T("Dear ImGui DirectX12 Example"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 1280, 800, NULL, NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL);
+
+    // Initialize Direct3D
+    if (!CreateDeviceD3D(hwnd))
     {
-        g_pSwapChain->GetBuffer(i, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pBackBuffer));
+        CleanupDeviceD3D();
-        g_pd3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(pBackBuffer, NULL, g_mainRenderTargetDescriptor[i]);
+        ::UnregisterClass(wc.lpszClassName, wc.hInstance);
-        g_mainRenderTargetResource[i] = pBackBuffer;
+        return 1;
     }
-}
 
-void WaitForLastSubmittedFrame()
+    // Show the window
-{
+    ::ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
-    FrameContext* frameCtxt = &g_frameContext[g_frameIndex % NUM_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT];
+    ::UpdateWindow(hwnd);
 
-    UINT64 fenceValue = frameCtxt->FenceValue;
+    // Setup Dear ImGui context
-    if (fenceValue == 0)
+    IMGUI_CHECKVERSION();
-        return; // No fence was signaled
+    ImGui::CreateContext();
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO(); (void)io;
+    //io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard;  // Enable Keyboard Controls
 
-    frameCtxt->FenceValue = 0;
+    // Setup Dear ImGui style
-    if (g_fence->GetCompletedValue() >= fenceValue)
+    ImGui::StyleColorsDark();
-        return;
+    //ImGui::StyleColorsClassic();
 
-    g_fence->SetEventOnCompletion(fenceValue, g_fenceEvent);
+    // Setup Platform/Renderer bindings
-    WaitForSingleObject(g_fenceEvent, INFINITE);
+    ImGui_ImplWin32_Init(hwnd);
-}
+    ImGui_ImplDX12_Init(g_pd3dDevice, NUM_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT,
+        DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
+        g_pd3dSrvDescHeap->GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart(),
+        g_pd3dSrvDescHeap->GetGPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart());
 
-FrameContext* WaitForNextFrameResources()
+    // Load Fonts
-{
+    // - If no fonts are loaded, dear imgui will use the default font. You can also load multiple fonts and use ImGui::PushFont()/PopFont() to select them.
-    UINT nextFrameIndex = g_frameIndex + 1;
+    // - AddFontFromFileTTF() will return the ImFont* so you can store it if you need to select the font among multiple.
-    g_frameIndex = nextFrameIndex;
+    // - If the file cannot be loaded, the function will return NULL. Please handle those errors in your application (e.g. use an assertion, or display an error and quit).
+    // - The fonts will be rasterized at a given size (w/ oversampling) and stored into a texture when calling ImFontAtlas::Build()/GetTexDataAsXXXX(), which ImGui_ImplXXXX_NewFrame below will call.
+    // - Read 'misc/fonts/README.txt' for more instructions and details.
+    // - Remember that in C/C++ if you want to include a backslash \ in a string literal you need to write a double backslash \\ !
+    //io.Fonts->AddFontDefault();
+    //io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF("../../misc/fonts/Roboto-Medium.ttf", 16.0f);
+    //io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF("../../misc/fonts/Cousine-Regular.ttf", 15.0f);
+    //io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF("../../misc/fonts/DroidSans.ttf", 16.0f);
+    //io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF("../../misc/fonts/ProggyTiny.ttf", 10.0f);
+    //ImFont* font = io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF("c:\\Windows\\Fonts\\ArialUni.ttf", 18.0f, NULL, io.Fonts->GetGlyphRangesJapanese());
+    //IM_ASSERT(font != NULL);
 
-    HANDLE waitableObjects[] = { g_hSwapChainWaitableObject, NULL };
+    // Our state
-    DWORD numWaitableObjects = 1;
+    bool show_demo_window = true;
+    bool show_another_window = false;
+    ImVec4 clear_color = ImVec4(0.45f, 0.55f, 0.60f, 1.00f);
 
-    FrameContext* frameCtxt = &g_frameContext[nextFrameIndex % NUM_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT];
+    // Main loop
-    UINT64 fenceValue = frameCtxt->FenceValue;
+    MSG msg;
-    if (fenceValue != 0) // means no fence was signaled
+    ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(msg));
+    while (msg.message != WM_QUIT)
     {
-        frameCtxt->FenceValue = 0;
+        // Poll and handle messages (inputs, window resize, etc.)
-        g_fence->SetEventOnCompletion(fenceValue, g_fenceEvent);
+        // You can read the io.WantCaptureMouse, io.WantCaptureKeyboard flags to tell if dear imgui wants to use your inputs.
-        waitableObjects[1] = g_fenceEvent;
+        // - When io.WantCaptureMouse is true, do not dispatch mouse input data to your main application.
-        numWaitableObjects = 2;
+        // - When io.WantCaptureKeyboard is true, do not dispatch keyboard input data to your main application.
+        // Generally you may always pass all inputs to dear imgui, and hide them from your application based on those two flags.
+        if (::PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE))
+        {
+            ::TranslateMessage(&msg);
+            ::DispatchMessage(&msg);
+            continue;
         }
 
-    WaitForMultipleObjects(numWaitableObjects, waitableObjects, TRUE, INFINITE);
+        // Start the Dear ImGui frame
+        ImGui_ImplDX12_NewFrame();
+        ImGui_ImplWin32_NewFrame();
+        ImGui::NewFrame();
 
-    return frameCtxt;
+        // 1. Show the big demo window (Most of the sample code is in ImGui::ShowDemoWindow()! You can browse its code to learn more about Dear ImGui!).
-}
+        if (show_demo_window)
+            ImGui::ShowDemoWindow(&show_demo_window);
 
-void ResizeSwapChain(HWND hWnd, int width, int height)
+        // 2. Show a simple window that we create ourselves. We use a Begin/End pair to created a named window.
-{
+        {
-    DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC1 sd;
+            static float f = 0.0f;
-    g_pSwapChain->GetDesc1(&sd);
+            static int counter = 0;
-    sd.Width = width;
-    sd.Height = height;
 
-    IDXGIFactory4* dxgiFactory = NULL;
+            ImGui::Begin("Hello, world!");                          // Create a window called "Hello, world!" and append into it.
-    g_pSwapChain->GetParent(IID_PPV_ARGS(&dxgiFactory));
 
-    g_pSwapChain->Release();
+            ImGui::Text("This is some useful text.");               // Display some text (you can use a format strings too)
-    CloseHandle(g_hSwapChainWaitableObject);
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Demo Window", &show_demo_window);      // Edit bools storing our window open/close state
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Another Window", &show_another_window);
 
-    IDXGISwapChain1* swapChain1 = NULL;
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("float", &f, 0.0f, 1.0f);            // Edit 1 float using a slider from 0.0f to 1.0f
-    dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChainForHwnd(g_pd3dCommandQueue, hWnd, &sd, NULL, NULL, &swapChain1);
+            ImGui::ColorEdit3("clear color", (float*)&clear_color); // Edit 3 floats representing a color
-    swapChain1->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&g_pSwapChain));
-    swapChain1->Release();
-    dxgiFactory->Release();
 
-    g_pSwapChain->SetMaximumFrameLatency(NUM_BACK_BUFFERS);
+            if (ImGui::Button("Button"))                            // Buttons return true when clicked (most widgets return true when edited/activated)
+                counter++;
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Text("counter = %d", counter);
 
-    g_hSwapChainWaitableObject = g_pSwapChain->GetFrameLatencyWaitableObject();
+            ImGui::Text("Application average %.3f ms/frame (%.1f FPS)", 1000.0f / ImGui::GetIO().Framerate, ImGui::GetIO().Framerate);
-    assert(g_hSwapChainWaitableObject != NULL);
+            ImGui::End();
-}
+        }
+
+        // 3. Show another simple window.
+        if (show_another_window)
+        {
+            ImGui::Begin("Another Window", &show_another_window);   // Pass a pointer to our bool variable (the window will have a closing button that will clear the bool when clicked)
+            ImGui::Text("Hello from another window!");
+            if (ImGui::Button("Close Me"))
+                show_another_window = false;
+            ImGui::End();
+        }
+
+        // Rendering
+        FrameContext* frameCtxt = WaitForNextFrameResources();
+        UINT backBufferIdx = g_pSwapChain->GetCurrentBackBufferIndex();
+        frameCtxt->CommandAllocator->Reset();
+
+        D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER barrier = {};
+        barrier.Type                   = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_TYPE_TRANSITION;
+        barrier.Flags                  = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_FLAG_NONE;
+        barrier.Transition.pResource   = g_mainRenderTargetResource[backBufferIdx];
+        barrier.Transition.Subresource = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_ALL_SUBRESOURCES;
+        barrier.Transition.StateBefore = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PRESENT;
+        barrier.Transition.StateAfter  = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET;
+
+        g_pd3dCommandList->Reset(frameCtxt->CommandAllocator, NULL);
+        g_pd3dCommandList->ResourceBarrier(1, &barrier);
+        g_pd3dCommandList->ClearRenderTargetView(g_mainRenderTargetDescriptor[backBufferIdx], (float*)&clear_color, 0, NULL);
+        g_pd3dCommandList->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &g_mainRenderTargetDescriptor[backBufferIdx], FALSE, NULL);
+        g_pd3dCommandList->SetDescriptorHeaps(1, &g_pd3dSrvDescHeap);
+        ImGui::Render();
+        ImGui_ImplDX12_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData(), g_pd3dCommandList);
+        barrier.Transition.StateBefore = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET;
+        barrier.Transition.StateAfter  = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PRESENT;
+        g_pd3dCommandList->ResourceBarrier(1, &barrier);
+        g_pd3dCommandList->Close();
+
+        g_pd3dCommandQueue->ExecuteCommandLists(1, (ID3D12CommandList* const*)&g_pd3dCommandList);
+
+        g_pSwapChain->Present(1, 0); // Present with vsync
+        //g_pSwapChain->Present(0, 0); // Present without vsync
+
+        UINT64 fenceValue = g_fenceLastSignaledValue + 1;
+        g_pd3dCommandQueue->Signal(g_fence, fenceValue);
+        g_fenceLastSignaledValue = fenceValue;
+        frameCtxt->FenceValue = fenceValue;
+    }
 
-void CleanupRenderTarget()
-{
     WaitForLastSubmittedFrame();
+    ImGui_ImplDX12_Shutdown();
+    ImGui_ImplWin32_Shutdown();
+    ImGui::DestroyContext();
 
-    for (UINT i = 0; i < NUM_BACK_BUFFERS; i++)
+    CleanupDeviceD3D();
-        if (g_mainRenderTargetResource[i]) { g_mainRenderTargetResource[i]->Release(); g_mainRenderTargetResource[i] = NULL; }
+    ::DestroyWindow(hwnd);
+    ::UnregisterClass(wc.lpszClassName, wc.hInstance);
+
+    return 0;
 }
 
-HRESULT CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd)
+// Helper functions
+
+bool CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd)
 {
     // Setup swap chain
     DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC1 sd;
@@ -151,7 +244,7 @@ HRESULT CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd)
 
     D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevel = D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0;
     if (D3D12CreateDevice(NULL, featureLevel, IID_PPV_ARGS(&g_pd3dDevice)) != S_OK)
-        return E_FAIL;
+        return false;
 
     {
         D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_DESC desc = {};
@@ -160,7 +253,7 @@ HRESULT CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd)
         desc.Flags = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_FLAG_NONE;
         desc.NodeMask = 1;
         if (g_pd3dDevice->CreateDescriptorHeap(&desc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&g_pd3dRtvDescHeap)) != S_OK)
-            return E_FAIL;
+            return false;
 
         SIZE_T rtvDescriptorSize = g_pd3dDevice->GetDescriptorHandleIncrementSize(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_RTV);
         D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE rtvHandle = g_pd3dRtvDescHeap->GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart();
@@ -177,7 +270,7 @@ HRESULT CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd)
         desc.NumDescriptors = 1;
         desc.Flags = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_FLAG_SHADER_VISIBLE;
         if (g_pd3dDevice->CreateDescriptorHeap(&desc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&g_pd3dSrvDescHeap)) != S_OK)
-            return E_FAIL;
+            return false;
     }
 
     {
@@ -186,23 +279,23 @@ HRESULT CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd)
         desc.Flags = D3D12_COMMAND_QUEUE_FLAG_NONE;
         desc.NodeMask = 1;
         if (g_pd3dDevice->CreateCommandQueue(&desc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&g_pd3dCommandQueue)) != S_OK)
-            return E_FAIL;
+            return false;
     }
 
     for (UINT i = 0; i < NUM_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++)
         if (g_pd3dDevice->CreateCommandAllocator(D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT, IID_PPV_ARGS(&g_frameContext[i].CommandAllocator)) != S_OK)
-            return E_FAIL;
+            return false;
 
     if (g_pd3dDevice->CreateCommandList(0, D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT, g_frameContext[0].CommandAllocator, NULL, IID_PPV_ARGS(&g_pd3dCommandList)) != S_OK ||
         g_pd3dCommandList->Close() != S_OK)
-        return E_FAIL;
+        return false;
 
     if (g_pd3dDevice->CreateFence(0, D3D12_FENCE_FLAG_NONE, IID_PPV_ARGS(&g_fence)) != S_OK)
-        return E_FAIL;
+        return false;
 
     g_fenceEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
     if (g_fenceEvent == NULL)
-        return E_FAIL;
+        return false;
 
     {
         IDXGIFactory4* dxgiFactory = NULL;
@@ -210,7 +303,7 @@ HRESULT CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd)
         if (CreateDXGIFactory1(IID_PPV_ARGS(&dxgiFactory)) != S_OK ||
             dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChainForHwnd(g_pd3dCommandQueue, hWnd, &sd, NULL, NULL, &swapChain1) != S_OK ||
             swapChain1->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&g_pSwapChain)) != S_OK)
-            return E_FAIL;
+            return false;
         swapChain1->Release();
         dxgiFactory->Release();
         g_pSwapChain->SetMaximumFrameLatency(NUM_BACK_BUFFERS);
@@ -218,8 +311,7 @@ HRESULT CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd)
     }
 
     CreateRenderTarget();
-
+    return true;
-    return S_OK;
 }
 
 void CleanupDeviceD3D()
@@ -238,193 +330,115 @@ void CleanupDeviceD3D()
     if (g_pd3dDevice) { g_pd3dDevice->Release(); g_pd3dDevice = NULL; }
 }
 
-extern LRESULT ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
+void CreateRenderTarget()
-LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
 {
-    if (ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam))
+    ID3D12Resource* pBackBuffer;
-        return true;
+    for (UINT i = 0; i < NUM_BACK_BUFFERS; i++)
-
-    switch (msg)
-    {
-    case WM_SIZE:
-        if (g_pd3dDevice != NULL && wParam != SIZE_MINIMIZED)
     {
-            ImGui_ImplDX12_InvalidateDeviceObjects();
+        g_pSwapChain->GetBuffer(i, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pBackBuffer));
-            CleanupRenderTarget();
+        g_pd3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(pBackBuffer, NULL, g_mainRenderTargetDescriptor[i]);
-            ResizeSwapChain(hWnd, (UINT)LOWORD(lParam), (UINT)HIWORD(lParam));
+        g_mainRenderTargetResource[i] = pBackBuffer;
-            CreateRenderTarget();
-            ImGui_ImplDX12_CreateDeviceObjects();
-        }
-        return 0;
-    case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
-        if ((wParam & 0xfff0) == SC_KEYMENU) // Disable ALT application menu
-            return 0;
-        break;
-    case WM_DESTROY:
-        PostQuitMessage(0);
-        return 0;
     }
-    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
 }
 
-int main(int, char**)
+void CleanupRenderTarget()
 {
-    // Create application window
+    WaitForLastSubmittedFrame();
-    WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, WndProc, 0L, 0L, GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, _T("ImGui Example"), NULL };
-    RegisterClassEx(&wc);
-    HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(wc.lpszClassName, _T("Dear ImGui DirectX12 Example"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 1280, 800, NULL, NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL);
 
-    // Initialize Direct3D
+    for (UINT i = 0; i < NUM_BACK_BUFFERS; i++)
-    if (CreateDeviceD3D(hwnd) < 0)
+        if (g_mainRenderTargetResource[i]) { g_mainRenderTargetResource[i]->Release(); g_mainRenderTargetResource[i] = NULL; }
-    {
+}
-        CleanupDeviceD3D();
-        UnregisterClass(wc.lpszClassName, wc.hInstance);
-        return 1;
-    }
 
-    // Show the window
+void WaitForLastSubmittedFrame()
-    ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
+{
-    UpdateWindow(hwnd);
+    FrameContext* frameCtxt = &g_frameContext[g_frameIndex % NUM_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT];
 
-    // Setup Dear ImGui context
+    UINT64 fenceValue = frameCtxt->FenceValue;
-    IMGUI_CHECKVERSION();
+    if (fenceValue == 0)
-    ImGui::CreateContext();
+        return; // No fence was signaled
-    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO(); (void)io;
-    //io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard;  // Enable Keyboard Controls
 
-    // Setup Dear ImGui style
+    frameCtxt->FenceValue = 0;
-    ImGui::StyleColorsDark();
+    if (g_fence->GetCompletedValue() >= fenceValue)
-    //ImGui::StyleColorsClassic();
+        return;
 
-    // Setup Platform/Renderer bindings
+    g_fence->SetEventOnCompletion(fenceValue, g_fenceEvent);
-    ImGui_ImplWin32_Init(hwnd);
+    WaitForSingleObject(g_fenceEvent, INFINITE);
-    ImGui_ImplDX12_Init(g_pd3dDevice, NUM_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT,
+}
-        DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
-        g_pd3dSrvDescHeap->GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart(),
-        g_pd3dSrvDescHeap->GetGPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart());
 
-    // Load Fonts
+FrameContext* WaitForNextFrameResources()
-    // - If no fonts are loaded, dear imgui will use the default font. You can also load multiple fonts and use ImGui::PushFont()/PopFont() to select them.
+{
-    // - AddFontFromFileTTF() will return the ImFont* so you can store it if you need to select the font among multiple.
+    UINT nextFrameIndex = g_frameIndex + 1;
-    // - If the file cannot be loaded, the function will return NULL. Please handle those errors in your application (e.g. use an assertion, or display an error and quit).
+    g_frameIndex = nextFrameIndex;
-    // - The fonts will be rasterized at a given size (w/ oversampling) and stored into a texture when calling ImFontAtlas::Build()/GetTexDataAsXXXX(), which ImGui_ImplXXXX_NewFrame below will call.
-    // - Read 'misc/fonts/README.txt' for more instructions and details.
-    // - Remember that in C/C++ if you want to include a backslash \ in a string literal you need to write a double backslash \\ !
-    //io.Fonts->AddFontDefault();
-    //io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF("../../misc/fonts/Roboto-Medium.ttf", 16.0f);
-    //io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF("../../misc/fonts/Cousine-Regular.ttf", 15.0f);
-    //io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF("../../misc/fonts/DroidSans.ttf", 16.0f);
-    //io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF("../../misc/fonts/ProggyTiny.ttf", 10.0f);
-    //ImFont* font = io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF("c:\\Windows\\Fonts\\ArialUni.ttf", 18.0f, NULL, io.Fonts->GetGlyphRangesJapanese());
-    //IM_ASSERT(font != NULL);
 
-    bool show_demo_window = true;
+    HANDLE waitableObjects[] = { g_hSwapChainWaitableObject, NULL };
-    bool show_another_window = false;
+    DWORD numWaitableObjects = 1;
-    ImVec4 clear_color = ImVec4(0.45f, 0.55f, 0.60f, 1.00f);
 
-    // Main loop
+    FrameContext* frameCtxt = &g_frameContext[nextFrameIndex % NUM_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT];
-    MSG msg;
+    UINT64 fenceValue = frameCtxt->FenceValue;
-    ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(msg));
+    if (fenceValue != 0) // means no fence was signaled
-    while (msg.message != WM_QUIT)
-    {
-        // Poll and handle messages (inputs, window resize, etc.)
-        // You can read the io.WantCaptureMouse, io.WantCaptureKeyboard flags to tell if dear imgui wants to use your inputs.
-        // - When io.WantCaptureMouse is true, do not dispatch mouse input data to your main application.
-        // - When io.WantCaptureKeyboard is true, do not dispatch keyboard input data to your main application.
-        // Generally you may always pass all inputs to dear imgui, and hide them from your application based on those two flags.
-        if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE))
     {
-            TranslateMessage(&msg);
+        frameCtxt->FenceValue = 0;
-            DispatchMessage(&msg);
+        g_fence->SetEventOnCompletion(fenceValue, g_fenceEvent);
-            continue;
+        waitableObjects[1] = g_fenceEvent;
+        numWaitableObjects = 2;
     }
 
-        // Start the Dear ImGui frame
+    WaitForMultipleObjects(numWaitableObjects, waitableObjects, TRUE, INFINITE);
-        ImGui_ImplDX12_NewFrame();
-        ImGui_ImplWin32_NewFrame();
-        ImGui::NewFrame();
-
-        // 1. Show the big demo window (Most of the sample code is in ImGui::ShowDemoWindow()! You can browse its code to learn more about Dear ImGui!).
-        if (show_demo_window)
-            ImGui::ShowDemoWindow(&show_demo_window);
-
-        // 2. Show a simple window that we create ourselves. We use a Begin/End pair to created a named window.
-        {
-            static float f = 0.0f;
-            static int counter = 0;
-
-            ImGui::Begin("Hello, world!");                          // Create a window called "Hello, world!" and append into it.
-
-            ImGui::Text("This is some useful text.");               // Display some text (you can use a format strings too)
-            ImGui::Checkbox("Demo Window", &show_demo_window);      // Edit bools storing our window open/close state
-            ImGui::Checkbox("Another Window", &show_another_window);
-
-            ImGui::SliderFloat("float", &f, 0.0f, 1.0f);            // Edit 1 float using a slider from 0.0f to 1.0f
-            ImGui::ColorEdit3("clear color", (float*)&clear_color); // Edit 3 floats representing a color
 
-            if (ImGui::Button("Button"))                            // Buttons return true when clicked (most widgets return true when edited/activated)
+    return frameCtxt;
-                counter++;
+}
-            ImGui::SameLine();
-            ImGui::Text("counter = %d", counter);
 
-            ImGui::Text("Application average %.3f ms/frame (%.1f FPS)", 1000.0f / ImGui::GetIO().Framerate, ImGui::GetIO().Framerate);
+void ResizeSwapChain(HWND hWnd, int width, int height)
-            ImGui::End();
+{
-        }
+    DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC1 sd;
+    g_pSwapChain->GetDesc1(&sd);
+    sd.Width = width;
+    sd.Height = height;
 
-        // 3. Show another simple window.
+    IDXGIFactory4* dxgiFactory = NULL;
-        if (show_another_window)
+    g_pSwapChain->GetParent(IID_PPV_ARGS(&dxgiFactory));
-        {
-            ImGui::Begin("Another Window", &show_another_window);   // Pass a pointer to our bool variable (the window will have a closing button that will clear the bool when clicked)
-            ImGui::Text("Hello from another window!");
-            if (ImGui::Button("Close Me"))
-                show_another_window = false;
-            ImGui::End();
-        }
 
-        // Rendering
+    g_pSwapChain->Release();
-        FrameContext* frameCtxt = WaitForNextFrameResources();
+    CloseHandle(g_hSwapChainWaitableObject);
-        UINT backBufferIdx = g_pSwapChain->GetCurrentBackBufferIndex();
-        frameCtxt->CommandAllocator->Reset();
 
-        D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER barrier = {};
+    IDXGISwapChain1* swapChain1 = NULL;
-        barrier.Type                   = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_TYPE_TRANSITION;
+    dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChainForHwnd(g_pd3dCommandQueue, hWnd, &sd, NULL, NULL, &swapChain1);
-        barrier.Flags                  = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_FLAG_NONE;
+    swapChain1->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&g_pSwapChain));
-        barrier.Transition.pResource   = g_mainRenderTargetResource[backBufferIdx];
+    swapChain1->Release();
-        barrier.Transition.Subresource = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_ALL_SUBRESOURCES;
+    dxgiFactory->Release();
-        barrier.Transition.StateBefore = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PRESENT;
-        barrier.Transition.StateAfter  = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET;
 
-        g_pd3dCommandList->Reset(frameCtxt->CommandAllocator, NULL);
+    g_pSwapChain->SetMaximumFrameLatency(NUM_BACK_BUFFERS);
-        g_pd3dCommandList->ResourceBarrier(1, &barrier);
-        g_pd3dCommandList->ClearRenderTargetView(g_mainRenderTargetDescriptor[backBufferIdx], (float*)&clear_color, 0, NULL);
-        g_pd3dCommandList->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &g_mainRenderTargetDescriptor[backBufferIdx], FALSE, NULL);
-        g_pd3dCommandList->SetDescriptorHeaps(1, &g_pd3dSrvDescHeap);
-        ImGui::Render();
-        ImGui_ImplDX12_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData(), g_pd3dCommandList);
-        barrier.Transition.StateBefore = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET;
-        barrier.Transition.StateAfter  = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PRESENT;
-        g_pd3dCommandList->ResourceBarrier(1, &barrier);
-        g_pd3dCommandList->Close();
 
-        g_pd3dCommandQueue->ExecuteCommandLists(1, (ID3D12CommandList* const*)&g_pd3dCommandList);
+    g_hSwapChainWaitableObject = g_pSwapChain->GetFrameLatencyWaitableObject();
+    assert(g_hSwapChainWaitableObject != NULL);
+}
 
-        g_pSwapChain->Present(1, 0); // Present with vsync
+// Win32 message handler
-        //g_pSwapChain->Present(0, 0); // Present without vsync
+extern LRESULT ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
+LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
+{
+    if (ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam))
+        return true;
 
-        UINT64 fenceValue = g_fenceLastSignaledValue + 1;
+    switch (msg)
-        g_pd3dCommandQueue->Signal(g_fence, fenceValue);
+    {
-        g_fenceLastSignaledValue = fenceValue;
+    case WM_SIZE:
-        frameCtxt->FenceValue = fenceValue;
+        if (g_pd3dDevice != NULL && wParam != SIZE_MINIMIZED)
+        {
+            ImGui_ImplDX12_InvalidateDeviceObjects();
+            CleanupRenderTarget();
+            ResizeSwapChain(hWnd, (UINT)LOWORD(lParam), (UINT)HIWORD(lParam));
+            CreateRenderTarget();
+            ImGui_ImplDX12_CreateDeviceObjects();
         }
-
-    WaitForLastSubmittedFrame();
-    ImGui_ImplDX12_Shutdown();
-    ImGui_ImplWin32_Shutdown();
-    ImGui::DestroyContext();
-
-    CleanupDeviceD3D();
-    DestroyWindow(hwnd);
-    UnregisterClass(wc.lpszClassName, wc.hInstance);
-
         return 0;
+    case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
+        if ((wParam & 0xfff0) == SC_KEYMENU) // Disable ALT application menu
+            return 0;
+        break;
+    case WM_DESTROY:
+        ::PostQuitMessage(0);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return ::DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
 }

examples/example_win32_directx9/main.cpp

@@ -14,86 +14,31 @@ static LPDIRECT3D9              g_pD3D = NULL;
 static LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9        g_pd3dDevice = NULL;
 static D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS    g_d3dpp = {};
 
-HRESULT CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd)
+// Forward declarations of helper functions
-{
+bool CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd);
-    if ((g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION)) == NULL)
+void CleanupDeviceD3D();
-        return E_FAIL;
+void ResetDevice();
-
+LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
-    // Create the D3DDevice
-    ZeroMemory(&g_d3dpp, sizeof(g_d3dpp));
-    g_d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
-    g_d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
-    g_d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;
-    g_d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;
-    g_d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
-    g_d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_ONE;           // Present with vsync
-    //g_d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;   // Present without vsync, maximum unthrottled framerate
-    if (g_pD3D->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd, D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, &g_d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice) < 0)
-        return E_FAIL;
-
-    return S_OK;
-}
-
-void CleanupDeviceD3D()
-{
-    if (g_pd3dDevice) { g_pd3dDevice->Release(); g_pd3dDevice = NULL; }
-    if (g_pD3D) { g_pD3D->Release(); g_pD3D = NULL; }
-}
-
-void ResetDevice()
-{
-    ImGui_ImplDX9_InvalidateDeviceObjects();
-    HRESULT hr = g_pd3dDevice->Reset(&g_d3dpp);
-    if (hr == D3DERR_INVALIDCALL)
-        IM_ASSERT(0);
-    ImGui_ImplDX9_CreateDeviceObjects();
-}
-
-extern LRESULT ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
-LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
-{
-    if (ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam))
-        return true;
-
-    switch (msg)
-    {
-    case WM_SIZE:
-        if (g_pd3dDevice != NULL && wParam != SIZE_MINIMIZED)
-        {
-            g_d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = LOWORD(lParam);
-            g_d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = HIWORD(lParam);
-            ResetDevice();
-        }
-        return 0;
-    case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
-        if ((wParam & 0xfff0) == SC_KEYMENU) // Disable ALT application menu
-            return 0;
-        break;
-    case WM_DESTROY:
-        PostQuitMessage(0);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
-}
 
+// Main code
 int main(int, char**)
 {
     // Create application window
     WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, WndProc, 0L, 0L, GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, _T("ImGui Example"), NULL };
-    RegisterClassEx(&wc);
+    ::RegisterClassEx(&wc);
-    HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(wc.lpszClassName, _T("Dear ImGui DirectX9 Example"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 1280, 800, NULL, NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL);
+    HWND hwnd = ::CreateWindow(wc.lpszClassName, _T("Dear ImGui DirectX9 Example"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 1280, 800, NULL, NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL);
 
     // Initialize Direct3D
-    if (CreateDeviceD3D(hwnd) < 0)
+    if (!CreateDeviceD3D(hwnd))
     {
         CleanupDeviceD3D();
-        UnregisterClass(wc.lpszClassName, wc.hInstance);
+        ::UnregisterClass(wc.lpszClassName, wc.hInstance);
         return 1;
     }
 
     // Show the window
-    ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
+    ::ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
-    UpdateWindow(hwnd);
+    ::UpdateWindow(hwnd);
 
     // Setup Dear ImGui context
     IMGUI_CHECKVERSION();
@@ -139,10 +84,10 @@ int main(int, char**)
         // - When io.WantCaptureMouse is true, do not dispatch mouse input data to your main application.
         // - When io.WantCaptureKeyboard is true, do not dispatch keyboard input data to your main application.
         // Generally you may always pass all inputs to dear imgui, and hide them from your application based on those two flags.
-        if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE))
+        if (::PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE))
         {
-            TranslateMessage(&msg);
+            ::TranslateMessage(&msg);
-            DispatchMessage(&msg);
+            ::DispatchMessage(&msg);
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -213,8 +158,73 @@ int main(int, char**)
     ImGui::DestroyContext();
 
     CleanupDeviceD3D();
-    DestroyWindow(hwnd);
+    ::DestroyWindow(hwnd);
-    UnregisterClass(wc.lpszClassName, wc.hInstance);
+    ::UnregisterClass(wc.lpszClassName, wc.hInstance);
 
     return 0;
 }
+
+// Helper functions
+
+bool CreateDeviceD3D(HWND hWnd)
+{
+    if ((g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION)) == NULL)
+        return false;
+
+    // Create the D3DDevice
+    ZeroMemory(&g_d3dpp, sizeof(g_d3dpp));
+    g_d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
+    g_d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
+    g_d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;
+    g_d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;
+    g_d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
+    g_d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_ONE;           // Present with vsync
+    //g_d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;   // Present without vsync, maximum unthrottled framerate
+    if (g_pD3D->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd, D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, &g_d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice) < 0)
+        return false;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void CleanupDeviceD3D()
+{
+    if (g_pd3dDevice) { g_pd3dDevice->Release(); g_pd3dDevice = NULL; }
+    if (g_pD3D) { g_pD3D->Release(); g_pD3D = NULL; }
+}
+
+void ResetDevice()
+{
+    ImGui_ImplDX9_InvalidateDeviceObjects();
+    HRESULT hr = g_pd3dDevice->Reset(&g_d3dpp);
+    if (hr == D3DERR_INVALIDCALL)
+        IM_ASSERT(0);
+    ImGui_ImplDX9_CreateDeviceObjects();
+}
+
+// Win32 message handler
+extern LRESULT ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
+LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
+{
+    if (ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam))
+        return true;
+
+    switch (msg)
+    {
+    case WM_SIZE:
+        if (g_pd3dDevice != NULL && wParam != SIZE_MINIMIZED)
+        {
+            g_d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = LOWORD(lParam);
+            g_d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = HIWORD(lParam);
+            ResetDevice();
+        }
+        return 0;
+    case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
+        if ((wParam & 0xfff0) == SC_KEYMENU) // Disable ALT application menu
+            return 0;
+        break;
+    case WM_DESTROY:
+        ::PostQuitMessage(0);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return ::DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
+}